-poem with 14 lines
-Petrarchean Sonnet (Italian) and Shakespearean (English)
-Petrarchean: abba abba abba cc, Shakespearean: abab cdcd efef gg
-abbreviation of the Italian sonetto, "little sound"-originated in Italy
-during the Italian Renaissance (1200 AD) poets wrote "sonnet sequences," groups of love poems
-sonetto was originally a poem recited with musical accompaniment sung to the strains of lute or madolin
-sonnets are usually about love and beauty but may also be about the effects of time and mortality
-Shakespeare most famous for writing sonnets, but during the English Renaissance, Spenser and Wyatt also emerged
- http://www.sonnets.org/sharp-b.htm
- http://vccslitonline.cc.va.us/sonnet116/history.htm
- http://www.oppapers.com/essays/History-Sonnet-History-Shakespeare/109054
- http://www.saskschools.ca/~otl_el/grassroots/poetry/pwrpnt/sonnets/sld002.html
Haiku
-earliest haikus were songs, prayers, and incantations to gods
-reached its highest popularity in the 9th to 11th centuries
-one of the oldest forms of poetry that is still active
-first there was tanka (5-7-5-7-7 syllable count), then there was renga (5-7-5-7-7-5-7-5) meaning linked elegance, with any verse in a renga known as hokku and haikai which was 5-7-5-in the beginning of the 19th century, M. Shiki declared renga officially dead, though it regrew 60 years later in North America and Germany
-Shiki combined the names hokku and haikai to create haiku
-in Japan, haiku are written in one line, but since other cultures do not hear the natural pauses at the end of each phrase, the foreign language haiku took on the 3-line shape
-some famous haiku poets include: Matsuo Basho, Shuson Kato, Kójó, Kijo Murakami, Raizan, Masaoka Shiki, and Kyoshi Takahama
Limerick
-the content of many limericks are often bawdy and humorous
-limericks are forms of poetry that are simple and short (only 5 lines)
-the history of limericks is somewhat uncertain and doubtful
-limericks are said not to have a rightful place amongst 'cultivated poetry' due to the aforementioned characteristics of limericks
-can be traced back to the 14th century english history
-limericks used in nursery rhymes and various other poems for children
-limericks were often repeated by beggars/working class in British taverns and pubs of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, therefore the poets who created these limericks were often drunkards
-word limerick comes from the town of Limerick
-limericks consist of 5 anapaestic lines; lines 1, 2, 5 have seven to ten syllables and rhyme with one another; lines 3 and 4 have five to seven syllables and also rhyme with each other
-the content of limericks can often be indecent, dirty or obscene but they make the reader laugh
-Edward Lear is famous for writing limericks; he wrote A Book of Nonsense which included many limericks
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